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Senator Jesse Helms about NATOtaken from: http://expandnato.org/helmsnato.html |
The
Address by Chairman, U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations at the American
Enterprise InstituteJanuary 11, 2001 "Towards a Compassionate
Conservative Foreign Policy" "Perhaps the greatest moral challenge we face at the dawn of a new
century is to right the wrongs perpetrated in the last century at Yalta, when
the West abandoned the nations of Central and Eastern Europe to Stalin and a
life of servitude behind the Iron Curtain. http://www.senate.gov/~foreign/2000/pr011201.htm FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
“TOWARDS A COMPASSIONATE
CONSERVATIVE THE AMERICAN ENTERPRISE
INSTITUTE John Bolton is the kind of man with
whom I would want to stand at Armageddon, if it should be my lot to be on hand
for what is forecast to be the final battle between good and evil in this world.
John is a great American of courage and wisdom. He loves his country and I
appreciate his coming today to stand with me in my visit with you. Senator Talmadge used to refer to me
as a work horse – not a show horse. Herman was chairman of the Senate
Agriculture Committee when I arrived in Washington in 1973 to become the sixteen
hundred and seventy-fifth Senator to be sworn in since the very first Senators
took office in 1789. And just in case you may have some
interest in it, let me give you one more statistic: with the swearing-in of
those 11 new ones eight days ago, there have now been a total of 1,862 U.S.
Senators since the birth of the nation. Some few of them – and I am one of the
few – have not aspired to one day being President. I am grateful that you invited this
(very) old work horse to be with you today. I shall try to bear in mind that the
mind can absorb no more than the seat can endure. And I shall not pretend that I
possess magical solutions to all the problems plaguing much of the world today. The American Enterprise Institute
has been around a while and you have a reputation that many other organizations
wish they had. In any event, thank you for inviting me – and thank you, John,
for your kind words. Thank you also, Chris Demuth, for your kind hospitality in
hosting this event today. In contemplating the arrival of the
Bush Administration, the several liberal think-tanks here in this city are
bracing for tough times. Adjusting to life on the sidelines of the public policy
debates is not their dish of tea. Eight years of Clinton spoiled them. On the other hand, few institutions
in Washington are more threatened by the Bush inauguration than your American
Enterprise Institute. If President Bush does the wise thing, he will raid your
treasure trove of brilliant thinkers and appoint all of you to senior positions
in his Administration. (I hope that he will leave at least a few of you here to
continue AEI’s important work. Your scholarship is vital to so much of what
many of us in Congress try to do.) You may have noticed, ever since the
November election, the media have been bubbling in hopeful anticipation of my
imminent demise. In the past month, I am told, I have been diagnosed with having
pancreatic cancer, terminal prostate cancer and a host of other life-threatening
ailments. According to some in the media, I even spent Thanksgiving on a
respirator, barely hanging onto life. So your invitation to be with you today
enables me to rain on their parade a little. My purpose in asking John to gather
us together today is obvious, I think. We meet at an important moment in the
history of America. As we prepare for the inauguration of the new president, one
of the most important tasks America faces is restoring this nation's foreign
policy back to the right course. For six years, I’ve had the
privilege of serving as Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. And
during those six years, Senate Republicans have had some important foreign
policy accomplishments of which I hope we can all be proud. For example, we enacted into law the
LIBERTAD (or “Helms-Burton”) Act, tightening the noose around the neck of
the last dictator in the Western hemisphere – Fidel Castro. Working with our Committee's Ranking
Member, Joe Biden, we took the first steps toward reforming our nation's foreign
policy institutions for a post-Cold War world. We passed historic, bipartisan
legislation – the “Helms-Biden” law – that pays America's so-called UN
"arrears" only if there are
specific, deep-seated reforms at that dysfunctional institution. And we passed the National Missile
Defense Act, mandating the deployment of missile defenses as soon as the
technology is ready. These are typical important
accomplishments of which we can all be proud. But, as we look back on these
successes, it is worth noting that – without exception – every one of these
initiatives began either with presidential opposition, or the threat
of a presidential veto. Initially, President Clinton vetoed
our bipartisan UN reform bill. The President and his people refused
-- for almost three years -- even to sit down with our Committee to discuss
our State Department reform proposals. President Clinton threatened to veto
the LIBERTAD Act – he backed down only after Fidel Castro sent Cuban MiG
fighters into the Florida Straits to shoot down two unarmed civilian planes
(murdering three American citizens in cold blood). And for eight years, President
Clinton did everything in his power to block National Missile Defense. He
changed course only in 1999 after the Rumsfeld Commission delivered its
stinging, bipartisan report, leading both houses of Congress to approve missile
defense legislation by veto-proof majorities. The President opposed us on every
one of our important initiatives. And that is just the legislation
that we succeeded in forcing through
an unwilling White House! The number of important measures that the outgoing
Clinton Administration succeeded in stopping is simply staggering. Well, a week from Saturday, on
January 20th, all that will change. On that day we will inaugurate a new
President, on whom we can rely to work with
us – not against us – in advancing America's interests in the world. And
with the appointments of Colin Powell, Condi Rice, and Don Rumsfeld, we will
have one of the finest national security teams in this history of this nation.
And that will necessarily affect the agenda of the Foreign Relations Committee.
Because it expands – dramatically and exponentially – the realm of the
possible in terms of what can be accomplished for the American people. Of course, we will continue to work
in a bipartisan manner wherever possible, and I must say that Joe Biden and I
have built an excellent working relationship. I believe that the spirit of
bipartisan cooperation that Joe and I have established will continue and grow.
And while the margin in the Senate has certainly narrowed, let’s be honest:
Unless either party has 60 votes (enough to invoke cloture and stop debate) then
very little can be accomplished in the U.S. Senate without some measure of
bipartisan support – no matter who is in control or by how narrow a margin. But we cannot, and must not, ignore
the fact that something has changed in Washington. For the first time in five decades,
Republicans will control the White House, the Senate and the House of
Representatives. And that means Republicans can have an unprecedented
opportunity to set the policy agenda – especially in the realm of foreign
affairs. We must, and we will, seize that opportunity. And that is why today my purpose is
to share with you some of the vital issues on the Foreign Relations Committee's
agenda as we prepare for a new Administration and the start of the new 107th
Congress. One of our first priorities come
January 20th will be to assist President Bush in implementing his vision of
“compassionate conservatism.” Now, it might surprise you to find
“compassionate conservatism” at the top of the Foreign Relations
Committee’s agenda; allow me to explain why it’s there: During the Fall campaign, President
Bush outlined a philosophy of empowering private charities and faith-based
institutions to help the neediest of Americans. He declared that: “Government
can spend money, but it can't put hope in our hearts or a sense of purpose in
our lives.... Often when a life is broken, it can only be rebuilt by another
caring, concerned human being. Someone whose actions say, ‘I love you, I
believe in you, I'm in your corner.’” President Bush continued with this
pledge: “In every instance where my administration sees a responsibility to
help people, we will look first to faith-based institutions, charities and
community groups that have shown their ability to save and change lives.... We
will rally the armies of compassion in our communities to fight a very different
war against poverty and hopelessness.... This will not be the failed compassion
of towering, distant bureaucracies.... [I]t will be government that [takes] the
side of the faith-based organizations and private charities who are helping
change lives, one person at a time." I submit to you, my friends, that
the wisdom of this “compassionate conservative” vision must not stop at the
water’s edge. During the campaign, President Bush
talked about some of the many wonderful faith-based institutions with which he
has worked and now admires. One of them is a remarkable organization in my state
with which I have been involved – a North Carolina foundation called
“Samaritan's Purse.” Samaritan’s Purse is led by my
longtime friend, the Rev. Franklin Graham – the son of a very dear friend, Dr.
Billy Graham. I believe that Franklin and his folks at Samaritan’s Purse do more
good, with less money, for more people around the world than the entire U.S.
foreign aid bureaucracy combined. Want an example? In southern Sudan,
where a brutal civil war is tearing a nation apart, Samaritan’s Purse runs
hospitals and clinics which – despite repeated bombings by government forces
– provide desperately-needed medical and surgical services to the suffering
Sudanese people. Not far from the front lines in the south, (in a town called
Lui), Samaritan's Purse operates an 80-bed hospital which has treated more than
100,000 patients – some of whom walk for days across Sudan's plains and swamps
to get medical care. More than 40 bombs were dropped in March and April last
year, and they were bombed again just this week. But the hospital has remained
open, and Franklin Graham reports that the brave doctors and nurses there have
saved more than 10,000 lives. Samaritan’s Purse has similar
projects in more than 100 countries around the world. In Kosovo, their
volunteers have distributed food and medicine, counseled more than 3,000
families, and rebuilt at least 800 houses. In Central America, after Hurricane
Mitch wreaked havoc across the region, they rebuilt more than 5,000 homes. And
their project “Operation Christmas Child” has distributed more than 1
million shoe-boxes filled with Christmas toys and gifts to children around the
world – in most cases giving these children the first Christmas present they
have ever received. This is incredible work. But
Samaritan’s Purse is far from alone in this humanitarian endeavor. Their work
is complemented every day by the equal efforts of groups such as Catholic Relief
Services, World Vision, Save the Children, Hadassa, and many others who are
changing lives around the world “one person at a time.” My dear friends, these are the
“armies of compassion” that President Bush is talking about. And I put it to
you: if we can deploy those “armies of compassion” across America, then we
can and must deploy them across the world. The time has come to reject what
President Bush correctly labels the “failed compassion of towering, distant
bureaucracies” and, instead, empower private and faith-based groups who care
most about those in need. The principle at work here is found
in the Christian doctrine of “subsidiarity.” Pope John Paul II has put it
this way: “Primary responsibility [for helping those in need]... belongs not
to the State, but to individuals and to the various groups and associations
which make up society.... By intervening directly and depriving society of its
responsibility, [government produces]...a loss of human energies and an
inordinate increase of public agencies, which are dominated more by bureaucratic
ways of thinking than by concern for serving their clients.... [The] needs of
the poor are best satisfied by people who were closest to them and who act as
neighbors in need.” Not since Ronald Reagan and John
Paul II took on Soviet communism have a Pope and a President been right on
target on such an important issue. Too often, however, faith-based
charities are dismissed by the U.S. foreign aid bureaucracy. The bureaucrats
treat them as if the efforts of these faith-based charities are quaint but
unworthy of government support. For example, my good friend, Father Angelo
D’Agositino, a Jesuit priest who runs an orphanage for children suffering from
HIV/AIDS in Nuyumbani, Kenya. “Father Dag,” as we call him, approached the
Agency for International Development for help in supporting his orphanage. AID
turned him down. Why? Because, they explained, his project did not “fall
within USAID’s priorities.” (You see, since most of the babies he was
helping would eventually die of AIDS, his project – by definition – did not
meet AID’s criteria for “sustainable” development). I’ve got news for the AID
bureaucrats: What is not sustainable
is their cold, heartless, bureaucratic thinking. We must – I repeat, we must
– reform the way America helps those in need (not only at home but abroad
as well). We must replace the
bureaucracy-laden U.S. Agency for International Development with something new. I intend to work with the Bush
administration to replace AID with a new
International Development Foundation whose mandate will be to deliver “block
grants” to support the work of private relief agencies and faith-based
institutions such as Samaritan’s Purse, Catholic Relief Services and countless
others like them. We will reduce the size of
America’s bloated foreign aid bureaucracy -- then take the money saved and use
every penny of it to empower
these “armies of compassion” to help the world’s neediest people. Those who know me are aware that I
have long opposed foreign aid programs that have lined the pockets of corrupt
dictators, while funding the salaries of a growing, bloated bureaucracy. And I
remain adamantly opposed to waste, fraud and abuse in foreign aid. But I will make this pledge today:
If we can reform the way in which we deliver aid to the needy, based on
President Bush’s “compassionate conservative” vision – if we can ensure
that the taxpayer’s money is going to people like Franklin Graham and Father
Dag, rather than funding a wasteful federal bureaucracy – then I will be
willing to take the lead in the Senate in supporting an increased
U.S. investment in support of the important endeavors that I have referred to. While we work to improve the ways
America helps those in material need, we must also be attentive to another need
– the need for human liberty. Because a foreign policy that does not have
freedom at its core is neither compassionate nor conservative. The 1990s were a decade of enormous
democratic advances. In the first years of that decade, we witnessed the
collapse of communism in Central and Eastern Europe; and in the final year of
the decade, we saw the peaceful transfer of power from long-ruling parties to
democratic oppositions in Taiwan and Mexico, and the fall of authoritarian
leaders in places like Yugoslavia and Peru. This progress notwithstanding, the
global movement toward rule of law, democracy, civil society and free markets
still meets resistance in many quarters. Our challenge in the start of this new
millennium – and the start of this new administration – must be to
consolidate the democratic advances of the last ten years, while increasing the
pressure on those who still refuse to accept the principle that sovereign
legitimacy comes from the consent of the governed. A good place to start is our own
hemisphere, and specifically just across our own border. In Mexico, after 71
years of one-party rule, the corrupt Institutional Revolutionary Party (or PRI)
has finally been voted out of office. President Vicente Fox's victory opens
avenues for genuine friendship and cooperation between the United States and
Mexico. President Fox and President Bush
already share a constructive vision for dealing with the problems that challenge
both of their countries. Working together, we can secure our border, discourage
illegal immigration, and strengthen our nation’s second-largest trading
partner by helping President Fox rejuvenate Mexico's economy. And, we can
broaden and deepen law enforcement cooperation against the deadly drug trade if
both countries attack corruption and impunity. I will do everything I can to help
both Presidents set a new course for U.S.-Mexican relations, and I look forward
to collaborating with the Bush Administration to help set our relationship with
the new Mexican government on the right course. And while democracy has finally
taken root across the border in Mexico, just ninety miles from our shores the
hemisphere’s last totalitarian dictatorship still sputters on. Like a cat with
nine lives, Fidel Castro is about to survive his ninth U.S. president. Well I
have a message for Mr. Castro: the last of the cat’s nine lives has begun. Fidel Castro survived the Clinton
years for one reason: the Clinton Administration never made Castro’s removal
from power a goal of its foreign policy. Embargo opponents correctly sensed that
the Clinton people were never really committed to Castro’s isolation and
removal, and the Administration did nothing to dissuade them of that notion. So
they pushed on, dominating the debate. As a result, instead of focusing on
developing strategies to undermine Castro and hasten his demise, the last several years in
Washington were spent wasting precious time and energy on a senseless debate
over whether to lift the Cuban embargo unilaterally. With the Bush election, the
opponents of the Cuban embargo are about to run into a brick wall on the other
end of Pennsylvania Avenue. President Bush is a committed supporter of the
embargo. Cuban-Americans recognized the real thing when they saw it, and they
turned out in record numbers to support him in Florida – giving Mr. Bush the
margin that secured Florida’s 25 electoral votes and
the White House. What this means is that, with the
embargo finally off the table, the new Bush Administration has a golden
opportunity to develop a new Cuba policy. The model for such a new Cuba policy
should be the successful polices that the Reagan-Bush Administration used in the
1980s to undermine Communism in Poland. In the 1980s, the U.S. hastened
Poland’s democratic transformation by isolating the communist regime in
Warsaw, while at the same time actively lifting the isolation of the Polish
people – supporting the democratic opposition and cultivating an emerging
civil society with financial and other means of support. We must now do the same thing in
Cuba. In 1998, I introduced legislation – the “Cuban Solidarity Act” –
which proposed, among other measures, giving $100 million in U.S. government
humanitarian aid to the Cuban people (to be delivered, not
through the Cuban government, but through private charitable institutions
functioning on the island). Such private assistance will help give Cubans
independence from the State, which now controls their lives by controlling their
access to food, medicine and other daily necessities. Come January 20th, I intend to work
with the Bush Administration to do for the people of Cuba what the United States
did for the people of Poland twenty years ago. And I will make a prediction here
today: Before his term is up, President Bush will visit Havana – to attend the
inauguration of the new democratically-elected President of Cuba. Another place where democracy
desperately needs renewed American support is in Taiwan. A remarkable thing
happened in Taiwan at the close of the 20th century. With the election of
President Chen last year, the people of Taiwan presided over the first peaceful
transfer of power from a ruling party to its democratic opposition in 5,000
years of Chinese history. This was an incredible achievement
– and an ultimate repudiation of the myth spread by Beijing’s dictators and
their allies that Western democracy is incompatible with so-called “Asian
values.” How sad, therefore, that while Taiwan was undertaking these
incredible democratic advances, the Clinton policy of deliberately eroding U. S.
support for Taiwan did enormous damage. President Clinton repeatedly let
down our friends in Taiwan, first by going to China and repeating Beijing’s
fictitious constructions on the future of Taiwan; and then by refusing to meet
America’s legal obligations to provide for Taiwan’s self-defense under the
Taiwan Relations Act. This damage must be undone. The
military balance of power of the past 20 years is quickly shifting in Beijing's
favor. Because of the Clinton Administration’s neglect, Taiwan’s
self-defense capabilities are not keeping up with Beijing’s rapid military
modernization. It is imperative that we act quickly to reverse the decline. Yes, we must engage
China. But Beijing also must be made to understand that its avenues to
destructive behavior are closed off, and that Taiwan will have the means to
defend itself. During the campaign, President Bush gave his enthusiastic
endorsement to the Taiwan Security Enhancement Act. And I intend to work with
him to enact the TSEA, and to help ensure Taiwan’s democracy remains secure
from Chinese aggression. Another place where aggression is
being rewarded because of the Clinton administration’s neglect is Iraq. For
the last eight years, we have watched as the Clinton Administration has presided
over the collapse of our Iraq policy. The Clinton people have abandoned weapons
inspections, abandoned sanctions and ultimately, abandoned the people of Iraq
themselves. We must have a new Iraq policy, and
such a policy must be based on a clear understanding of this salient fact:
Nothing will change in Iraq until Saddam Hussein is removed from power. Almost a
decade has gone by since the United States liberated Kuwait from Saddam Hussein.
The time has come to liberate Iraq as well. With the passage of the bipartisan
Iraq Liberation Act, Congress took the lead in promoting the democratic
opposition to Saddam Hussein. (The Clinton Administration failed to implement
the act). I look forward to working with President Bush to implement effectively
the Iraq Liberation Act help the people of Iraq get rid of Saddam Hussein. Perhaps the greatest moral challenge
we face at the dawn of a new century is to right the wrongs perpetrated in the
last century at Yalta, when the West abandoned the nations of Central and
Eastern Europe to Stalin and a life of servitude behind the Iron Curtain. We began the process of righting
that wrong in 1998, when the Senate voted to admit Poland, Hungary and the Czech
Republic into the NATO alliance. I consider it one of my proudest moments as
Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee to have helped usher in those
three nations’ admission to NATO, and thus to have helped them secure their
rightful place in the community of Western democracies. But the admission of Poland, Hungary
and the Czech Republic has not yet fully erased the scars of Yalta. During the
Cold War, I was one of a group of Senators who fought to defend the independence
of what came to be known as the “Captive Nations” (the Baltic states of
Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia) – and who worked to make sure that the United
States never recognized their illegal annexation by the Soviet Union. With the collapse of Communism,
those nations finally achieved their rightful independence from Russian
occupation and domination. Yet Russia still looms menacingly over these
countries. In looking at the current Russian government, one gets the distinct
impression that the Russian leadership considers Baltic independence to be a
temporary phenomenon. That is an impression that the Russians cannot be allowed
to long entertain. Just as we never recognized the
Soviet annexation of the Baltic States, we must not repeat the mistakes of the
1940s today by acknowledging a Russian sphere of influence in what Russian
leaders ominously call the “near abroad.” These nations’ independence will
never be fully secure until they are safe from the threat of Russian domination
and are fully integrated into the community of Western democracies. I intend to work with the Bush
Administration to ensure that the Baltic States are invited to join their
neighbors Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic as members of the NATO
alliance. This is vital not only for their security, but for ours as well. If we
want good relations with Russia, we must show Russia’s leaders an open path to
good relations, while at the same time closing off their avenues to destructive
behavior. That means taking the next step in the process of NATO expansion, by
issuing invitations to the Baltic nations when NATO’s leaders meet for the
next alliance summit planned for 2002. Another immediate priority is
National Missile Defense. After eight lost years under President Clinton, we
have no time to waste in building and deploying a truly national missile defense
that is capable of protecting the United States and its allies from ballistic
missile attack. Last year, when President Clinton
threatened to negotiate a revised ABM Treaty with Russia that would tie the
hands the new Administration, I went to the Senate floor and warned Mr. Clinton
that any such agreement would be dead-on-arrival in the U.S. Senate. Now, as President Bush prepares to
take office, I want to make something perfectly clear to our President Bush may decide that it is
in the United States’ diplomatic interests to sit down with the Russians and
discuss his plans for missile defense. Personally, I do not think that a new ABM
Treaty can be negotiated with Russia that would permit the kind of defenses
America needs. But, as Henry Kissinger told the Foreign Relations Committee last
year: “I would be open to argument, provided
that we do not use the treaty as a constraint on pushing forward on the most
effective development of a national and theater missile defense." With that caveat by Dr. Kissinger, I
concur – President Bush must have, and will have, the freedom to proceed as he
sees fit. And I look forward to working with the President to ensure he achieves
his goal of a rapid deployment of an effective and truly national missile
defense. Last but not least, ladies and
gentlemen, there is the issue of the International Criminal Court. Two years ago, President Clinton
refused to sign the Rome Treaty. The reason for his refusal, as Mr. Clinton’s
chief negotiator, Ambassador David Scheffer, told Congress at the time was
simple: “The
[Rome] treaty,” Ambassador Scheffer declared, “purports to establish an
arrangement whereby United States armed forces operating overseas could be
conceivably prosecuted by the international criminal court even if the United
States has not agreed to be bound by the treaty. Not only is this contrary to
the most fundamental principles of treaty law, it could inhibit the ability of
the United States to use its military to meet alliance obligations and
participate in multinational operations.” Nothing – I repeat, nothing –
has changed since Amb. Scheffer uttered those words to justify the President’s
signature. The Court still claims today, as it did two years ago, to hold the
power to indict, try and imprison American citizens – even if the American
people refuse to join the Court. This brazen assault on the
sovereignty of the American people is without
precedent in the annals of international treaty law. Second, we must enact the American
Servicemembers Protection Act. This legislation, which Senator Warner and I
introduced last year along with a number of our House and Senate colleagues, is
designed to protect U.S. citizens from the jurisdiction of the International
Criminal Court. Our effort was publicly endorsed
last month by a bipartisan group of former senior U.S. officials, including
(among others) President Bush’s Defense Secretary-designate Don Rumsfeld,
Henry Kissinger, George Shultz, James Baker, Brent Scowcroft, Jeane Kirkpatrick,
Caspar Weinberger, and Jim Woolsey. Why is passage of this legislation
important? Because by signing this flawed treaty, President The nations pushing this Court on
the American people may have thought that they could push, cajole and
triangulate the self-proclaimed “Man from Hope.” Well, they need to
understand that, come January 20th, there is a new President in town with a new
motto they had better learn: “Don’t mess with Texas.” These, ladies and gentlemen, are my
priorities. As you can see, the Foreign Relations Committee will have a full
agenda in the coming year. From revolutionizing the way America delivers foreign
assistance; to consolidating the last century’s democratic advances and
continuing the march for freedom in the next; to preserving, protecting and
defending the security and sovereignty of the United States – we will have our
work cut out for us as we seek to restore a foreign policy that is both
compassionate and conservative. And to accomplish these tasks, we
will need your invaluable assistance. As I said at the outset, AEI is one of the
most exceptional institutions in Washington. I am enormously proud of the work
you do, and honored that you’ve taken time from your busy schedules to be with
me this afternoon. I hope that we can count on your
help in the coming year to make this ambitious agenda a reality. And – whether
as AEI scholars or representatives of the Bush Administration – I look forward
to seeing many of you at the witness table of the Senate Foreign Relations
Committee in the months ahead. Thank you for your patience -- and
your thoughtful invitation for me to be with you today. ### |
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Revised: October 29, 2002 |